Duration: October 2023–May 2025

Following the outset of the Israel-Hamas war, Gen Z youth in the United States coordinated protests on college campuses across the country calling for the conflict’s end. Social media activity was prevalent, amplifying the demands of students leading the protests. The federal government put immense pressure on colleges where protests occurred, threatening to freeze or pull federal funding from institutions including Columbia, Northwestern, Cornell, and other universities. Complying with the pressure from the federal government, many universities worked to dissipate protests and, as of the fall 2025 academic semester, American on-campus protests have largely disbanded.